1、英文文献 求汽车相关英文文献一篇，论文或期刊都行。单词不需太多，对应成中文3000字左右。 在线等，谢谢
There will always be that when you own something when you do not think it would be valuable, but also do not see the value of it, but when you lose it when it come to repentance, but that at the moment when the lateness of the hour, too late for regrets and. I now have such a similar feel.
A week-long automotive engine disassembly internship is over, memories of this time, he reluctantly are true. Wanted to be back in a week ago, then put in every day practice as seven hours to 27 hours use. This is true, this internship opportunities for me are too precious a true.
In this internship, I learned about auto engines knowledge, are ever at a lesson on what can not be compared. And I once again felt the profound theoretical and practical combination of the need.
Teacher because of the arrangement to the engine of our components are Santana 2000 engine. First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that:
Santana in Germany Volkswagen Ltd. 1982 procts. The company entered Shanghai in 1983, to cooperate with the development of our country has been the development of three generations - four generations of proction lines, and in 95 years will be Santana 2000 Electronic Fuel injection system into the market.
The main parameters of motor vehicles including technical parameters, the basic parameters, engine and chassis parameters parameters. Structure for the JV type engine, the combustion chamber for the ball flat, so that the function of strong squeezing gas area, to rece fuel consumption and air pollution Valve for overhead camshaft type, camshaft push rod directly. Advantages of simple structure, the inertia of small parts, the system stiffness, and improve the effective engine speed. Valve for the hydraulic rod to mention, the automatic
2、急求：汽车营销类英文版文献
Foreign automobile marketing mode rare reference to the research for the automobile marketing mode, and also rare. After the existing data collection and found that foreign automobile marketing mode of literature concentrate on franchising (4S monopoly) in the field.
John S Kiff (2000) view is that the car manufacturers, franchise model represents a low input, low-risk and control channel for the market. Franchise mode on the car because franchisees have many requirements, such as the minimum level of sales and service capabilities. Car manufacturers do not need to sell part of investment capital and management, these tasks borne by the dealer.
Johny K Johansson McCrane / shaker (1998) that the franchise model is the most important features of manufacturers and distributors from the "zero-sum race" into a mutually supportive relationship between the "win-win" relationship. Abell, Mark (1993) found that consumers store to buy a car through the license, especially high-end cars, not only the purchase of the proct itself, but more importantly a symbol of status, peer recognition and the reality of man's spirit so that if The expensive high-end cars with poor car market crowded together on the show, will greatly rece the value of the former.
On automobile marketing mode, many of our scholars from different angles, using different methods to make their respective contributions, mainly in the following areas:
Sized Enterprises Jiang-hui, "Multinational Automobile Marketing Models" (2004) proposed: the current mode of the general framework of the car market is divided into three main elements: marketing ideas, marketing organizations and marketing. Construction of the network from the marketing point of view, the network marketing model into construction mode, and network by network models and patterns; from the marketing organization's point of view, the agent system into marketing mode, auto trading market system, distribution system of licensing, multi-brand specialty forms, etc.; from the marketing point of view, the agents and direct marketing model into other ways.
Hanxue Chun in "System of China's auto sales and auto sales market structure model" (2002) that: a reasonable model would be automotive procts as the main distributor for the leading all aspects of service features, the user at the core to the Automotive enterprises, automobile procts (vehicles, parts and components), car dealers, car proct users, car repair services, auto finance services, car insurance services, and business management together.
He Jihong Yu country side and the "Reform and Reconstruction of automobile marketing mode," (2006), the proposed guidance based on ecological theory, marketing models of new cars: car sales Ecological Park. The park, car manufacturers, dealers, consumers and stakeholders to realize the value of the transfer and for the purpose of forming a value chain and value network, build a "living system" the interests of the community.
WANG Yi Jun Wu submerge cases and the "development pattern of China's auto sales model the dynamic features of analysis" (2005) to construct a development pattern of China's automobile marketing mode of the system dynamics model, marketing model analyzes the dynamic evolution of various characteristics, and prediction within the next few years, China's overall vehicle sales model pattern trends.
Mu Xiaoli and Li Yuan in "emerging automobile marketing mode," (2002) presented a paper on Cultural Marketing Model: Dalian University of arrest and Zhoukuai Bin Yu Duo also "E-commerce will be applied in the automotive marketing" (2002) article, detailed analysis of the e-commerce applications in the automotive instry opportunities and difficulties, and e-business transformation of Chinese auto instry made a preliminary study.
Bear Country Dr. Qian Zaiqi thesis "based on the value of transferring the system mode selection of the Chinese car market evaluation" (2006), the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, from value creation, value added, value delivery and value of collaborative 4 categories 30 transferring the system to establish the value of indicators competitiveness evaluation index system of the car on the five main marketing mode were evaluated.
In summary, the present theoretical model of vehicle service marketing research is lagging behind, the discussion on the practical level, more, there is a certain lack of theoretical depth; from a local point of view of many, but a comprehensive systematic infrequent. The rapid development of practice, an urgent need for our automotive service marketing model features, performance and its future pattern of running in-depth, Ji Tong analysis and research, so as to China's automotive instry to provide the sound development of the future theory of Jian Yi Zhi Dao and useful. 原文：国外少有汽车营销模式的提法，对于汽车营销模式的研究也并不多见。经过对现有资料的收集和整理发现，国外汽车营销模式的文献集中在研究特许经营（4S专卖）领域。
John S Kiff (2000)的观点是对汽车制造商来说，特许经营模式代表着一种低投入、低风险和针对市场的可控渠道。因为特许经营模式对汽车特许经销商有许多要求，诸如最低销售水平和服务能力等。汽车制造商不必对销售环节投入资金和管理，这些任务由经销商承担。
Johny K Johansson McCrane/shaker(1998)认为特许经营模式最重要的特点是制造商和经销商从“零和竟赛”的关系转化为相互支持的“双赢”关系。Abell，Mark(1993)研究发现，消费者通过特许专卖店购买汽车特别是高档车，不仅是购买产品本身，更重要的是一种地位的象征、同龄人的认同以及现实男子汉的气概等，如果这些昂贵的高档车同低劣的车一同放在拥挤的市场中展示，会大大降低前者的附加值。关于汽车营销模式，我国许多学者从不同的角度，利用不同的方法，做出了各自的贡献，主要表现在以下几个方面：
康灿华、姜辉在《跨国公司在华汽车营销模式研究》（2004）中提出：目前一般把汽车营销模式的框架划分为三大要素:营销理念、营销组织和营销手段。并从营销网络的构建角度，把营销模式分成建网模式、借网模式和并网模式;从营销组织的角度，把营销模式分成总代理制、汽车交易市场制、特许经销制、多品牌专卖形式等；从营销方式的角度，把营销模式分成代理和直销等几种方式。
韩学春在《中国汽车营销体系和汽车销售市场结构模式的探讨》（2002）中指出：合理的模式应该以汽车产品为主体、经销商为主导、全方面服务为特点、用户为核心地把汽车制造企业、汽车产品(整车、零部件)、汽车经销商、汽车产品用户、汽车维修服务、汽车金融服务、汽车保险服务和工商管理联系在一起。
俞国方和贺继红在《汽车营销模式变革与重构》（2006）中，提出了基于生态学理论为指导的新型汽车营销模式:汽车营销生态园。园区内，汽车生产商、经销商、消费者及相关利益者以价值转移和实现为目的，形成了价值链和价值网，构建了“类生物”的利益共同体。
吴泅宗和王奕俊在《中国汽车营销模式发展格局的动态特征分析》（2005）中，构建了中国汽车营销模式发展格局的系统动力学模型，剖析了各种营销模式的动态演化特征，并且预测了未来几年内中国汽车营销模式格局的总体发展趋势。
牟晓莉和袁理在《新兴汽车营销模式探讨》（2002）一文中介绍了文化营销模式：大连理工大学的逮宇铎和周会斌也在《电子商务将在汽车营销中得到应用》（2002）一文中详细分析了电子商务在汽车工业中应用的机会和困难，并对中国汽车工业的电子商务改造进行了初步的探讨。
熊国钱在其博士论文《基于价值让渡系统的中国轿车营销模式选择的评价》（2006）中，借助模糊综合评价模型，从价值创造、价值增值、价值交付和价值协同4大类30个指标建立了价值让渡系统竞争力的评价指标体系，对五种主要的轿车营销模式进行了评价。
综上所述，目前有关汽车服务营销模式理论上的研究相对滞后，实际操作层面上的讨论较多，有一定理论深度的探讨不够；从某个角度出发的局部研究多，但全面的系统性研究较少。实践的迅速发展，迫切需要对我国汽车服务营销模式特征、运行绩效及其未来格局进行深入、系统的分析和研究，从而为我国汽车产业未来的良性发展提供理论指导和有益的建议。
</SPAN></SPAN>
3、求汽车相关英文期刊或论文文献一篇，要求翻译成中文字数在3000字至5000字左右 发至邮箱[email protected]
LZ你要是找文献的话可以上中国知网下载，
如果你需要翻译的话可以网络下：元培在线翻译直通车
专业的译员翻译，08北京奥运的笔译口译服务商。
品质可以保证。
4、求立体汽车库 英文论文或者期刊资料
急你所急，如你所愿-小米粒资源网【网络第一】
2010年5月 万方数据库、cnki知网或者维普数据库免费账号
网络搜索“小米粒资源网”，就能出来链接
其实不需要账号密码也是可以的。完全免费 把 ACS Sciencedirect、springerlink AIAA wileyinterscience万方 维普 cnki、中国知网 等轻松搞定！！去过了你就知道了 ，我用的2年的办法了，与大家分享
国内老牌文献互助网-小米粒资源网
完全免费 一劳永逸，终生免费，速度飞快
具体得到文献的方法,
1 先申请成为会员
2 把你想要的文献到那个红色的【文献互助区】发贴求助就可以了!就这么简单，这里下文章的高手很多，主要是些在校大学生，5分钟之内马上不论你要的什么文献都能提供下载。比你自己找都快..
可求助的文献数据库包括
国内:cnki 维普 万方 cnki（中国知网 中国期刊网），超星书籍 读秀书籍
国外:ScienceDirect 、ProQuest 、Science、ACS，RSC，Ebsco ，Springer，Blackwell ，ieee、nature wileyinterscience sae paper aip 文献等各大数据库文献！ f 3 2
5、急求论文英文翻译。在线翻译的软件翻译出来的语法都不对，希望高手帮忙解决~~~~~
Study on Auto Finance Issues
Abstract: With the development of auto instry and the improvement of living standards, China's auto market boast tremendous potential demand, and this has driven a rapid development of China's auto credit. In 2003, China became the world's fourth largest auto procer and third largest automobile consumer market. At the end of 2003, private car ownership has hit 24 million. In 2004, both auto proction and sales exceeded 5 million ; and 2010, China's car sales hit a record high, breaking through 18 million, ranking first in the auto world, which refresh the world's record history. Currently, 70% of the global car sales are through financing and loan;Therefore the foreign auto companies have attached great importance on automotive financial services, and general financial services companies are wholly-owned subsidiary. According to information of GM and Ford, the profits of auto finance services account for 36% the entire group profits. Thus, car finance will have a positive and profound impact to the cultivation and promotion of the diversification of China's financing business and automobile consumption credit market, and at the same time it has played an active role in promoting the development of China's automobile instry and the sustainable development of the national economy .
Key words: automobile finance; automobile consumption credit; strategy; Research
6、市场营销 英文版论文 20000英文字符
市场营销 Marketing
市场营销（Marketing）又称为 市场学、市场行销或行销学。简称“营销”，台湾常称作“行销”，是指个人或集体通过交易其创造的产品或价值以获得所需之物实现双赢或多赢的过程。
权威定义
美国市场营销协会下的定义是：
行销是创造、沟通与传送价值给顾客，及经营顾客关系以便让组织与其利益关系人受益的一种组织功能与程序
菲利普·科特勒下的定义强调了营销的价值导向：
市场营销是个人和集体通过创造，提供出售，并同别人交换和价值，以获得其所需所欲之物的一种社会和管理过程。
而格隆罗斯给的定义强调了营销的目的：
营销是在一种利益之上下，通过相互交换和承诺，建立、维持、巩固与消费者及其他参与者的关系，实现各方的目的)。
[编辑] 新式定义
台湾的江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞中强调行销的变动性，利用行销的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定义
「什麼是行销？」就字面上来说，「行销」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 这个字拆成 Market（市场）与 ing（英文的现在进行式表示方法）这两个部分，那行销可以用「市场的现在进行式」来表达产品、价格、促销、通路的变动性导致供需双方的微妙关系。
＜你的行销行不行＞ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理财文化, 2007.08 出版
[编辑] 市场营销理论发展的四个阶段
初创阶段(1900年—1920年)
功能研究阶段(1921年—1945年)
现代市场营销学形成和发展阶段(1945年—1980年)
营销扩展阶段(1980年以后)
[编辑] 市场与需求
市场营销学中的市场可以等同于需求，即研究消费者的现实需求和潜在需求。
美国市场营销协会(AMA)的定义委员会1960年对市场提出以下的定义：
“ 市场是指一种货物或劳务的潜在购买者的集合需求。 ”
菲利普·科特勒把市场定义为
“ 市场是指某种产品的所有实际的和潜在的购买者的集合。 ”
[编辑] 市场的类型
市场从不同角度，可以划分为不同的类型。其中按商品的基本属性可划分为一般商品市场和特殊商品市场。一般商品市场指狭义的商品市场，即货物市场，包括消费品市场和工业品市场；特殊商品市场指为满足消费者的资金需要和服务需要而形成的市场，包括资本市场，劳动力市场和技术信息市场。对以上两种市场作分析时一般要研究消费者市场，产业市场和政府市场。
市场营销环境分析常用的方法为SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength(优势)、Weakness(劣势)、Opportunity(机会)、Threaten(威胁)的意思。从内部环境分析优劣势，从外部环境分析机会与威胁。
[编辑] 市场营销策略
营销组合的四个因素常称作4P，即：
产品（Proct)
价格 (Price)
推广 (Promotion)
通路与配销 (Place&Distribution)
这四个因素应用到营销过程中，就形成了四方面的营销策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共关系PUBLIC，是为6P。
1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特纳（Bitner）建议在传统市场营销理论4Ps的基础上增加三个“服务性的P”，即：人员(People)、流程(Process)、环境(或是或实体环境；Physical evidence)。
根据与市场竞争对手对抗的需要而制定富有竞争力的产品、价格、渠道和促销政策。这一时期诞生了著名的4P理论。当时还是大众媒体盛行的时代，依靠大众媒体促进销售，无差异化策略成为这一阶段的明显特征。
[编辑] 产品
产品策略主要研究新产品开发，产品生命周期，品牌策略等，是价格策略，促销策略和分销策略的基础。
[编辑] 价格
价格策略又称定价策略，主要研究产品的定价、调价等[[市场营销工具]
[编辑] 推广
推广是将组织与产品讯息传播给目标市场的活动，它主要的焦点在於沟通。透过推广，企业试图让消费者知晓、了解、喜爱或购买产品，进而影响产品的知名度、形象、销售量，乃至於企业的生长与生存。有了推广，消费者才可得知产品提供何种利益、价格多少、可以到什麼地方购买及如何购买等，而这些消费者反应会进一步协助推动其他行销组合(产品、价格、通路)。
[编辑] 通路
又称渠道策略，也称为促销。它代表企业（机构）在将自身产品送抵最终消费者之前，所制定的与各类分销商之间的贸易关系、成本分摊和利益分配方式的综合体系。这里的分销商既包含批发商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直销公司的直销人员。
企业制定分销政策的目的是：让产品更顺畅地到达顾客手中，既要保证分销成本低廉，又要保证顾客对送货期、送货量、装配服务、疑难咨询等方面的要求。
在产品日益丰富的情况下，分销政策可能变得越来越难制定，因为相对于产品和品牌的过量，分销商则显得稀少，因而后者拥有了大量讨价还价的权力，力图从制造商或上游企业那里获得更大的利益分成比例。
零售商在最近10年的表现尤其令人瞩目，它们不仅从事零售，也开始插手于产品的上游生产过程，并以自己的店铺名称或独创名称作为自己所产新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店铺品牌（store brand/label）。这更深地威胁到了纯粹的制造企业的利润空间，当然也大大增加了后者制定分销策略的难度。
[编辑] 人员（People)
所有的人都直接或间接地被卷入某种服务的消费过程中，这是7P营销组合很重要的一个观点。知识工作者、白领雇员、管理人员以及部分消费者将额外的价值增加到了既有的社会总产品或服务的供给中，这部分价值往往非常显著。
[编辑] 流程（Process）
服务通过一定的程序、机制以及活动得以实现的过程（亦即消费者管理流程），是市场营销战略的一个关键要素。
[编辑] 环境（Physical Evidence）
包括服务供给得以顺利传送的服务环境，有形商品承载和表达服务的能力，当前消费者的无形消费体验，以及向潜在顾客传递消费满足感的能力。
[编辑] 4C
包括：
顾客（Customer）
成本（Cost）
沟通（Communication）
便利（convenience)。
加上机会Chance，市场变化Change为6C。
不销售制造的产品，而要将满足消费者需求的产品售出；不要依竞争者或者自我的盈利策略定价，而是要通过一系列测试手段了解消费者为满足需求愿付出的成本；不要以自身为出发点，想着网点怎么布置，采用什么样的通路策略，而要关注消费者购买产品的便利性；不是想着如何通过媒体传播来提升销量，而要和消费者互动沟通。
[编辑] 营销种类
[编辑] 整合营销
整合营销传播（Integrated Marketing Communications ）
[编辑] 数据库营销（DATABASE MARKETING）
[编辑] 网络营销（Internet Marketing）
网络营销是企业整体营销战略的一个组成部分，是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的，以互联网为基本手段营造网上经营环境的各种活动。
网络营销的职能包括网站推广、网络品牌、信息发布、在线调研、顾客关系、顾客服务、销售渠道、销售促进八个方面。
Viral Marketing
[编辑] 标竿行销（Bench Marketing）
由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出
以某个市场上已经存在的竞争者为比较基准的行销方式，例如普腾这家公司於十几年前提出一句很经典的「Sorry，Sony」到现在还是经常被产业与学术界拿来当作行销的案例，近年来Audi一直宣称他们的部分车种在欧洲市场无论在性能或销售上都令双B感觉到威胁，这样的行销方法就是希望让那些原本没有打算买Audi的亚洲买家去思考，为什麼欧洲的消费者愿意买的车在亚洲的我们却没有给予适当的评价。
当然要提出这样的行销方式势必要先对自己的产品有一定的信心，否则如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」认同的观众应该不会太多吧。
Viral Marketing
[编辑] 直效营销（DIRECT MARKETING）
根据kotler．keller行销管理学第12版中译本
直效行销（direct marketing）是在没有中间行销商的情况下，利用消费者直接（consumer direct,CD）通路来接触及传送货品和服务给客户。主要通路包括直接信函、型录、电话推销，电视购物、小的售票亭、网路和汽车广告。
直效行销是互动是行销系统，利用一种或多种媒体影响任何地区可衡量的回应或交易。特别是在电子行销中正快速成长。
[编辑] 关系营销（RELATIONSHIP MARKETING）
在很多情况下，公司并不能寻求即时的交易，所以他们会与长期供应商建立顾客关系。
公司想要展现给顾客的是卓越的服务能力，现在的顾客多是大型且全球性的。他们偏好可以提供不同地区配套产品
或服务的供应商，且可以快速解决各地的问题。
当顾客关系管理计画被执行时，组织就必须同时注重顾客和产品管理。同时，公司必须明白，虽然关系行销很重要，
但并不是在任何情况下都会有效的。因此，公司必须评估哪一个部门与哪一种特定的顾客采用关系行销最有利。
[编辑] 燎原式行销
由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出「燎原式行销」的重点在於，以自己强大的财力为基础，先采取竞争对手无法跟随并获利的低价策略，逼迫市场竞争者纷纷退出并且树立警告指标不让其他潜在业者轻易越矩，这样在下一个不怕死的竞争者出现之前，就可以创造一个无竞争者的独占市场。
[编辑] 绿色营销
[编辑] 社会营销
[编辑] 营销社团
[编辑] 市场调研
市场调研又称营销调研，指企业在市场营销决策过程中，需要系统客观收集和分析有关营销活动的信息所做的研究。营销调研活动涉及到产品，广告，促销渠道选择，竞争者等诸多方面。
[编辑] 营销理论的新发展
病毒式营销
关系营销
数据库营销
网络营销
国际营销
绿色营销
服务营销
过程营销
收益管理
Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Proct, Price, Place, Promotion) for procts, services or ideas to create exchange between indivials and organizations.
Marketing tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.
Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a proct or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.
Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through procts or services.
Its specialist areas include:
advertising and branding
communications
database marketing
direct marketing
event organization
field marketing
global marketing
international marketing
internet marketing
instrial marketing
market research
public relations
retailing
search engine marketing
marketing strategy
marketing plan
strategic management
Experiential marketing
Social Influence Marketing
Contents [hide]
1 Introction
2 Concept of Marketing
3 Two levels of marketing
4 Four Ps
4.1 Seven Ps
5 Four New Ps
6 Proct
6.1 Scope
6.2 Steps in proct design
7 Packaging
7.1 Requirements of good packaging
7.2 Forms of packaging
8 Trademarks
8.1 Significance of a trademark
9 Brands
10 Pricing
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Factors influencing price-determination
10.3 Steps to determine price
11 Distribution (Place)
11.1 Channels
11.2 Manufacturers
11.2.1 Reasons for direct selling methods
11.2.2 Reasons for indirect selling methods
11.3 Wholesalers
11.3.1 Reasons for using wholesalers
11.3.2 Reasons for bypassing wholesalers
11.3.3 Ways of bypassing wholesalers
11.4 Agents
12 Marketing communications
12.1 Advertising
12.1.1 Functions and advantages of successful advertising
12.1.2 Objectives
12.1.3 Requirements of a good advertisement
12.1.4 Eight steps in an advertising campaign
12.2 Personal sales
12.3 Sales promotion
12.4 Marketing Public Relations (MPR)
13 Customer focus
14 Proct focus
15 See also
16 Related lists
17 References
[edit] Introction
A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the proct or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a proct or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.
Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the proct/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.
For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.
Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.
The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."[1]
Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
[edit] Concept of Marketing
Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and ecate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its procts. “Value” is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the proct. “Competitive Advantage” is a depiction that the company or its procts are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.
Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and proct related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, to deliver, and where to deliver. Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.
The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its procts within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.
Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: “Proct Marketing”, “Corporate Marketing”, and “Marketing Communications”. [2]
[edit] Two levels of marketing
Strategic marketing: attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.
Operational marketing: executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces
[
7、求汽车4S销售与服务论文参考文献及摘要的英文解释.....从哪下载翻译的字典？谢谢
《 基于顾客忠诚度的汽车4S 店服务水平评价研究》
《 汽车4S 店波特五力模型分析》
《试论国产汽车品牌营销对策》
以上三篇，其中两篇有英文摘要。如果需要就留邮箱。
8、英文文献 求一篇汽车类相关外文文献（8000个以上印刷符号），论文期刊都行，最好附翻译，在线等，谢谢
看看这个合适不
9、汽车论文英文翻译
以20分来换取千字的翻译是不现实的。市场价是120-180元/千字。望楼主提高悬殊分，应该有人会帮您用机器翻译一下，人工翻译也是不可能的。